Interactive ECG Learning Module
Introduction to ECG
An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) records the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time. It helps detect various heart conditions and abnormalities.
Basic Components of an ECG:
- P wave: Represents atrial depolarization
- PR interval: Time from atrial depolarization to ventricular depolarization
- QRS complex: Represents ventricular depolarization
- ST segment: Represents the period of ventricular depolarization
- T wave: Represents ventricular repolarization
Atrial Fibrillation
Key Features:
- Irregularly irregular rhythm
- No discernible P waves
- Variable R-R intervals
A patient presents with irregularly irregular rhythm on ECG. No discernible P waves are visible. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Myocardial Infarction
Key Features:
- ST-segment elevation (STEMI)
- ST-segment depression or T-wave inversion (NSTEMI)
Which ECG finding is most characteristic of acute myocardial infarction?
Ventricular Tachycardia
Key Features:
- Wide QRS complexes (>120 ms)
- Rapid heart rate (>100 bpm)
- Regular rhythm
A patient's ECG shows wide QRS complexes (>120 ms) with a rapid heart rate (>100 bpm) and regular rhythm. What is the most likely diagnosis?
AV Block
Key Features:
- First-degree: Prolonged PR interval
- Second-degree Mobitz I: Progressive PR prolongation with dropped beats
- Second-degree Mobitz II: Fixed PR interval with intermittent dropped beats
- Third-degree: No relationship between P waves and QRS complexes
Which ECG finding is associated with a delayed conduction through the AV node?
Myocardial Ischemia
Key Features:
- ST-segment depression
- T-wave inversion
A patient presents with chest pain and ST-segment depression on ECG. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Bundle Branch Blocks
Key Features:
- Right Bundle Branch Block (RBBB): rsR' pattern in V1
- Left Bundle Branch Block (LBBB): Wide QRS with QS or rS pattern in V1
A patient's ECG shows a widened QRS complex with an rsR' pattern in lead V1. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT)
Key Features:
- Narrow QRS complexes
- Rapid heart rate (>100 bpm)
- Regular rhythm
A patient presents with a regular, rapid heart rate and narrow QRS complexes on ECG. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Atrial Flutter
Key Features:
- Regular rhythm
- Saw-toothed pattern of P waves
- Often 2:1 or 3:1 atrioventricular (AV) conduction
A patient's ECG shows a regular rhythm with saw-toothed P waves and 2:1 AV conduction. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Ventricular Fibrillation
Key Features:
- Chaotic, irregular electrical activity
- No discernible QRS complexes
A patient's ECG shows chaotic, irregular electrical activity with no discernible QRS complexes. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Bradyarrhythmias
Key Features:
- Heart rate <60 bpm
- May be sinus bradycardia or various degrees of AV block
A patient's ECG shows a heart rate of 45 bpm with normal P waves and PR intervals. What is the most likely diagnosis?
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